Extinction Burst: Simple Definition
An extinction burst happens when a behavior you were reinforcing gets stronger—more frequent, intense, or longer—for a short time after you stop reinforcing it. But this is just temporary: after the burst, the behavior usually decreases and eventually stops.
Why It Happens
When you remove a reward that always followed the behavior, the person might try harder to get it—like increasing the volume or intensity—because they expect the reward again. This is a natural reaction.
Examples to Understand
- Crying Child & Candy
A child cries in a store to get candy, and a parent usually gives in. If the parent suddenly stops giving candy, the child may cry harder, scream, or throw a tantrum. That intense behavior is the extinction burst. If the parent stays calm and consistent, the crying will eventually stop. - Hand-Flapping for Attention
A child flaps hands to get attention. If caregivers stop giving attention when the child flaps, the activity might first get more intense—more flapping or louder movements. But with consistency and reinforcing a calm alternative (like tapping shoulder), the hand-flapping will lessen over time. - Broken Soda Machine
Pressing the button on a soda machine once gave soda before. If it doesn’t now, you might press harder or more often. That extra effort is an extinction burst before you finally give up.
How Long Do They Last?
It varies—sometimes just a few minutes, sometimes a few days, or even up to a week. But it always comes before the behavior tapers off.
How RBTs Manage Extinction Bursts
As an RBT, here’s what you should do:
- Be Consistent
Never return to reinforcing the old behavior during a burst. If you do, you’ll train the person that crying harder works! - Teach a Better Alternative
Show and reinforce a better way to get attention—maybe raising a hand calmly instead of flapping or crying. Use differential reinforcement. - Prepare the Team
Explain what an extinction burst is to caregivers, teachers, and parents. Emphasize the importance of staying calm and consistent even when the behavior gets worse. - Ensure Safety
Some bursts may include aggression or self-injury. Work with your BCBA to make a safety plan and handle dangerous behaviors properly. - Monitor Progress
Track how often and how strong the behavior is, plus how long it lasts. Your records help show when the behavior starts decreasing.
Why It Matters
Knowing about extinction bursts is key for RBTs and caregivers. If everyone stays consistent and reinforces better behaviors instead, these bursts end faster—making therapy more effective and safer.
