What Is Autism?
Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a condition people are born with that affects how they think, communicate, and interact with others. Autism is lifelong—it lasts a person’s entire life—and symptoms can range from mild to severe.
Key Traits of Autism
- Social & Communication Challenges
People with autism may find it hard to talk, understand others, make friends, or share feelings. They might not know how to take turns in conversations or notice others’ expressions. - Repetitive Behaviors & Routines
They may repeat actions like rocking, hand-flapping, or repeating words. They often like routines and may struggle if things change. - Strong Interests
Some focus deeply on specific subjects, like trains or numbers, and enjoy talking about them for hours. - Sensory Sensitivities
Many people with autism are very sensitive (or not sensitive enough) to sounds, lights, textures, or smells.
Why “Spectrum”?
Autism is called a spectrum because the traits and supports needed can vary greatly. Some people need a lot of help with daily tasks, while others are mostly independent but still have struggles.
When Does Autism Start?
Signs usually appear before age 3. However, some people aren’t diagnosed until they’re older, especially if their symptoms are mild or they’ve learned to mask them.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Doctors and specialists diagnose autism by watching behavior and talking with families. There is no medical test—like a blood test—to confirm it. Instead, they use criteria from guides like DSM-5 or ICD.
What Causes Autism?
There’s no single cause. Most evidence shows genetics play the biggest role—autism often runs in families. Other things before and during birth may also be involved.
How Common Is Autism?
About 1 in every 100 people worldwide have autism. It affects people of every race, gender, and economic background. Boys are diagnosed more often than girls, but this may partly be because of how doctors spot symptoms.
How Is Autism Supported?
While there is no cure, many therapies help people with autism:
- Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) helps teach new skills and reduce difficult behaviors.
- Speech therapy helps with talking and understanding language.
- Occupational therapy supports daily living skills and sensory needs.
With early, consistent support—even intensive programs—many autistic individuals make strong progress in learning, communication, and independence.
Levels of Support Needed
According to medical guides (DSM-5), autism is classified by how much help a person needs:
- Level 1: Needs support for social or repetitive behavior challenges.
- Level 2: Needs substantial support; challenges are more obvious.
- Level 3: Needs very substantial support; difficulties are severe and ongoing.
Why Understanding Autism Matters
Autism is not an illness—it’s a way people’s brains work. Many autistic individuals have unique strengths and talents. Support and acceptance help them live happy, successful lives. Recognizing neurodiversity—understanding all brains work differently—benefits everyone.
